Authorship Criteria
Jurnal Hurriah: Jurnal Evaluasi Pendidikan dan Penelitian (Journal of Educational Evaluation and Research) recognises authorship as both scholarly credit and public accountability for published work. The journal uses the Contributor Role Taxonomy (CRediT) to describe contributions transparently and consistently.
CRediT comprises 14 contributor roles and is an ANSI/NISO standard (2022). It complements the author list by identifying the activities undertaken by each contributor.
CRediT roles describe contributions; they do not determine authorship eligibility. All named authors must satisfy the minimum criteria below. Contributions by people who do not meet those criteria are recognised separately.
On this page
1. Minimum Criteria for Authorship
Each person listed as an author must meet all four of the following requirements:
1
Substantial scholarly contribution
Contributed substantially to the conception or design of the study, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of its data, instruments, or evidence.
2
Intellectual contribution to the manuscript
Drafted the article or critically revised it for important intellectual content.
3
Final approval
Approved the manuscript for submission and the final version to be published.
4
Accountability
Agreed to take responsibility for the work and to cooperate in investigating and resolving questions about its accuracy or integrity.
All individuals who meet these requirements must be included as authors. Individuals who made substantial research contributions should be given a reasonable opportunity to take part in drafting or critical revision and in final approval.
Important: assigning one or more CRediT roles does not automatically qualify a person for authorship, and no minimum number of roles guarantees it. Funding, supervision, institutional position, or administrative support alone is insufficient.
2. The 14 CRediT Contributor Roles
Authors should use the following role names when reporting contributions. The official CRediT descriptors are authoritative.
| Contributor role | Description |
|---|---|
| Conceptualization | Shaping the study's overarching ideas, hypotheses, and educational objectives. |
| Data curation | Organising, documenting, cleaning, and preserving quantitative or qualitative data for use and reuse. |
| Formal analysis | Applying statistical, mathematical, or thematic techniques to analyse research data. |
| Funding acquisition | Securing financial support for the research. |
| Investigation | Conducting research activities such as field evaluations or surveys, and gathering data or evidence. |
| Methodology | Designing research methods, models, or evaluation instruments. |
| Project administration | Coordinating research planning and implementation. |
| Resources | Supplying research materials, test instruments, equipment, or analytical resources. |
| Software | Developing, implementing, or testing research code, applications, or data tools. |
| Supervision | Providing research leadership, oversight, and mentorship. |
| Validation | Checking the reproducibility or replicability of research outputs. |
| Visualization | Creating charts, graphs, and other visual presentations of findings or data. |
| Writing – original draft | Producing the initial manuscript, including substantive translation. |
| Writing – review & editing | Critically reviewing and revising the manuscript within the research team. |
Role names and adapted descriptions are attributed to CRediT / NISO (CC BY 4.0). Descriptions have been shortened and adapted for this policy.
3. Assigning and Confirming Roles
1
Accuracy
Assign only roles that describe work actually performed. One contributor may hold several roles and several contributors may share a role. Not every role applies to every study; omit unused roles.
2
Consensus
The corresponding author coordinates role assignment, but each contributor must be able to review and confirm their roles before submission.
3
Qualifiers
Shared roles may be qualified as lead, equal, or supporting. These qualifiers do not determine authorship eligibility or author order.
4
Revision updates
Review contribution statements after substantial revisions so they remain accurate.
Contributions should be interpreted in light of the actual research design. For example, administering instruments or collecting field data may be Investigation, while managing a documented dataset may be Data curation. Using an existing word processor, reference manager, or analysis application does not by itself constitute Software, and routine proofreading should not be presented as substantive intellectual revision.
The Writing – review & editing role describes contributions within the author team. It does not make journal peer reviewers or handling editors authors of the manuscript.
4. CRediT Author Statement
Every manuscript must include a section titled “Author Contributions (CRediT)”. List each author's full name followed by the applicable CRediT roles. All authors must agree to the statement.
During double-blind review, provide the identifying statement in a separate title-page file or other non-review material. It must be incorporated into the final manuscript before the References.
Example: multi-author article
Author Contributions (CRediT)
Author A: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft.
Author B: Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – review & editing.
Author C: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing.
All authors approved the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for the work.
Example: single-author article
Author Contributions (CRediT)
Author A: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing.
The author approved the final manuscript and takes responsibility for the work.
These examples are illustrative. Replace the sample names and choose roles that reflect actual contributions; do not reproduce the examples unchanged.
5. Author Responsibilities
All authors must:
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Meet the minimum authorship criteria and consent to being named.
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Provide an accurate account of their own contributions.
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Approve the submission, substantive revisions, and the final version.
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Ensure the originality of the work and proper attribution of all sources.
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Know which co-authors are responsible for other contributions and have confidence in their integrity.
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Promptly disclose relevant conflicts of interest, funding, and AI use.
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Safeguard participant confidentiality and comply with applicable research ethics requirements.
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Cooperate with editorial inquiries and promptly report significant errors or integrity concerns, including during post-publication corrections.
The corresponding author manages communication with the journal, confirms agreement on the author list and contribution statement, and ensures that decisions and reviewer comments are shared with co-authors. Corresponding authorship does not indicate the largest contribution and does not transfer other authors' responsibilities to one person.
6. Non-Author Contributions
People who contributed but do not meet all four criteria (for example technical assistants, student aides, institutional leaders, or providers of general funding) should be recognised in the Acknowledgments, with their permission. Their contributions may be described with applicable CRediT roles or a short narrative.
Funding acquisition, resources, supervision, project administration, or technical help may be important without qualifying a person for authorship by themselves.
Contributors must not be excluded from authorship merely because they are students, junior researchers, field assistants, or locally based researchers. Eligibility depends on their actual contributions and on meeting the criteria.
Research participation alone does not establish authorship. Acknowledgments must respect consent, confidentiality, and any commitment to protect participants' identities.
7. Author Order and Authorship Changes
Authors must agree collectively on the author order before submission, taking account of contributions and disciplinary norms in educational research. CRediT does not prescribe author order, and counting roles is not a substitute for agreement on the significance of contributions.
Requests to add or remove authors, change their order, or change the corresponding author after submission must be sent to the editorial office with:
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A reasoned explanation for the change.
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An updated author list and CRediT statement.
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Written (signed) agreement from all affected authors, including anyone added or removed.
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Confirmation that all listed authors meet the authorship criteria.
Changes require editorial approval and must not be introduced silently during revision or proof correction. Processing may be paused while a request is assessed. Post-publication changes require formal assessment and, where justified, a published correction. If agreement cannot be obtained, the matter is treated as a dispute.
8. Authorship Integrity and AI
The journal prohibits:
Gift, guest, or honorary authorshipIncluding people who do not meet the criteria.
Ghost authorshipOmitting eligible authors or concealing substantive contributions.
Coercive authorshipDemanding inclusion through authority or pressure.
Purchased or traded authorshipBuying, selling, offering, or exchanging author positions.
Unauthorised authorshipNaming people without their knowledge and approval.
False contribution statementsAssigning CRediT roles for work not performed.
For articles derived from theses or dissertations, supervisory status alone does not establish authorship, and students' qualifying contributions must be recognised accurately.
AI tools must not be listed as authors or as human contributors in the CRediT statement. AI use must be disclosed separately under the journal's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy. Human authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, confidentiality, and integrity of any AI-assisted work.
9. Authorship Disputes
Disagreements over author order or omitted contributors should be resolved within the research team before submission. Unresolved disputes, or allegations of unethical authorship, should be reported through the Contact page, identifying the manuscript or article and giving explanations and supporting evidence.
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The editorial office may request contribution records, written agreements, or clarification from the parties.
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Review or publication may be paused while the matter is unresolved.
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Editors do not adjudicate conflicting accounts that need institutional investigation; unresolved cases may be referred to the authors' institutions or research integrity bodies.
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Depending on the evidence, the journal may require amendments, reject a submission, or issue a post-publication notice. A dispute alone does not automatically warrant retraction. See also the Allegation of Research Misconduct and Correction and Retraction policies.
Authorship Preparation Checklist
Before submitting, authors should confirm the following. Submissions that do not follow this policy may be returned.
Every listed author meets all four minimum criteria and has consented to being named.
The author order has been agreed by all authors.
The “Author Contributions (CRediT)” statement is prepared, accurate, and confirmed by all authors.
The identifying statement is supplied in a separate title page, not in the anonymised review file.
Non-author contributors are listed in the Acknowledgments with their permission.
Any AI use is disclosed according to the AI Policy, and no AI tool is listed as an author.
