Correction and Retraction

Jurnal Hurriah: Jurnal Evaluasi Pendidikan dan Penelitian (Journal of Educational Evaluation and Research) is committed to maintaining an accurate and trustworthy scholarly record. Rigorous peer review and editorial oversight reduce errors, but mistakes or ethical issues can surface after publication. When they do, the journal assesses the evidence and takes appropriate, proportionate action guided by international standards such as COPE guidelines.

Corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions inform readers and protect the integrity of the literature. They are not intended as punishment, and a retraction does not necessarily imply deliberate misconduct.

1Our Guiding Principles

Integrity firstThe accuracy and reliability of published educational research come before everything else.

Proportionate actionRemedies match the severity of the problem, from a minor typographical fix to a formal retraction.

Permanent linkageEvery notice is permanently linked to the original article so readers are never left uninformed.

Action	When it applies	Effect on the article
Correction	An error affects part of the article, but the principal findings remain reliable.	Article corrected and linked to a correction notice.
Expression of Concern	Serious questions are unresolved and readers need to be informed.	Article stays online with a linked notice.
Retraction	The article is unreliable or its publication integrity is fundamentally compromised.	Article stays online, marked “RETRACTED”, with a linked notice.
Content removal	Exceptional legal, privacy, or safety grounds only.	Content withheld; a placeholder explains why.

2Reporting an Error or Concern

Authors must notify the editorial office promptly when they discover a significant error or integrity concern in their published work. Readers, reviewers, and other parties may also report concerns through the Contact page. Reports should include:

The article title, author names, and DOI or article URL.
A clear description of the error or concern.
The affected passages, figures, tables, references, or other content.
Supporting evidence and, where possible, the proposed correction.
Any relevant competing interests of the person reporting.

All reports are treated confidentially and assessed fairly. Anonymous reports are assessed when they contain sufficiently specific and credible information. There is no fixed expiry date for reporting a substantive problem with a published article.

How a report is handled

Report receivedThe editorial office acknowledges the report where contact details are available.
Independent assessmentAn editor without a conflict of interest examines the concern and evidence.
Author responseThe authors are normally told the substantive issues and given a reasonable chance to respond.
DecisionNo action, correction, expression of concern, retraction, or (exceptionally) content removal.
Notice and record updateA dated notice is published, linked to the article, and metadata are updated.

3Corrections (Errata and Corrigenda)

A correction is appropriate when an error affects the accuracy, clarity, attribution, or interpretation of part of an article, but the principal findings and conclusions remain reliable. The remedy depends on who made the mistake.

Errata (publisher errors)Production, layout, or typesetting errors introduced by the journal that affect clarity or accuracy. The journal promptly publishes an Erratum and updates the digital article.

Corrigenda (author errors)Unintentional author errors, such as a mislabelled table column, an incorrect formula, or a missing funding acknowledgement, that do not change the core findings.

Examples include:

Incorrect numerical values, labels, quotations, or references that do not invalidate the main conclusions.
Errors in tables or figures that can be fixed without undermining the study.
Omitted or inaccurate funding or conflict-of-interest declarations.
Incorrect author details or justified changes to attribution after appropriate assessment.
Production errors that materially affect the published content.

Corrections are published as formal, citable notices linked to the original paper, and the article carries an editor's note pointing readers to the notice. The notice identifies the article, explains the error, gives the corrected information, and states any implications for the findings. Minor typographical or formatting errors that do not affect meaning, attribution, discoverability, or interpretation may be fixed without a separate formal notice, but substantive amendments are never made silently.

4Expressions of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be issued when significant questions about an article's reliability or ethical integrity remain unresolved and readers need to be informed. This may be appropriate when:

Available evidence raises substantial concerns but is not yet sufficient for a definitive conclusion.
An institutional or editorial inquiry is ongoing and a timely resolution is unlikely.
A relevant investigation cannot be completed, or its fairness or adequacy is uncertain.

An expression of concern is not a finding of misconduct. It describes the unresolved issue without presenting unverified allegations as established facts.

Once sufficient information is available, the journal publishes an update explaining the outcome, which may be a correction, a retraction, or resolution of the concern. The notices remain linked to preserve the history of the assessment.

5Retractions

Retraction is a serious step. It is appropriate when sufficiently established problems make the article unreliable or fundamentally compromise its publication integrity, and a correction would not adequately address the problem. Grounds may include:

Unreliable findingsFabrication, falsification, or major methodological or analytical flaws, including a substantial honest error, that invalidate the primary conclusions.

PlagiarismSubstantial plagiarism or misappropriation of research content.

Redundant publicationDuplicate publication without proper disclosure, cross-referencing, permission, or justification.

Ethical breachesSerious ethical violations, such as breaches of participant consent, affecting the research or its publication.

Compromised peer reviewA manipulated or compromised review process that undermines the basis for publication.

Undisclosed interests and other issuesA major undisclosed competing interest that materially affects evaluation, unauthorised use of materials, or other serious problems a correction cannot resolve.

Honest error may justify retraction even when no misconduct is established. Conversely, an authorship dispute, an omitted declaration, or disagreement with an article's conclusions does not automatically justify retraction.

Authors may request retraction and give their reasons. The final decision rests with the journal's independent editorial assessment, and retraction may proceed without unanimous author agreement when the evidence warrants it.

6Assessment and Decision-Making

Independent examinationAn editor without a relevant conflict of interest examines the concern and evidence, normally contacts the authors, explains the substantive issues, and gives a reasonable opportunity to respond.
Evidence gatheringAssessment may involve checking source materials, requesting research records, seeking independent specialist advice, or consulting the authors' institutions or other responsible bodies. Requests respect legitimate confidentiality and participant-protection requirements.
Institutional investigationsFormal investigations into individual misconduct may be referred to the relevant institutions, while the journal remains responsible for decisions about its published record. It may act to protect that record without waiting indefinitely for an external investigation when the evidence is sufficient.
Non-responseFailure to respond is not itself proof of misconduct, but decisions may be made on the available evidence when substantial concerns remain unresolved.
Editor involvementCases involving an editor are handled independently. If the Editor-in-Chief is implicated, the publisher (Yayasan Hurriah) arranges an independent editor or adviser.

7Notices and Preservation of the Record

Correction, expression of concern, and retraction notices are publicly accessible, clearly labelled, dated, and linked to the affected article. Notices use factual, neutral language and avoid unnecessary disclosure of personal or confidential information.

A retraction notice identifies

The retracted article, including its title and DOI or other identifying details.
Who is issuing the retraction.
The reasons for the action and its basis in the available evidence.
The authors' agreement or disagreement, where known and relevant.

The article is not deleted. To preserve the scholarly record, it is marked with a prominent “RETRACTED” status in all digital formats (PDF and HTML) and linked to the retraction notice, which prevents citation of invalid data while keeping the history transparent. The notice is published in the current issue and permanently linked to the article.
When corrected files are issued, the changes are documented and linked to the correction notice, and the journal keeps an identifiable record of substantive amendments.
Relevant metadata are updated, and indexing, dissemination, and preservation services are notified or supplied with updated records where supported. How quickly external services show the changes depends on their own processing.

8Exceptional Content Removal

Removing published content is exceptional and distinct from retraction. It may be considered for legal mandates, court orders, serious defamation risks, binding legal obligations, or serious breaches of participant confidentiality, privacy, or safety.

Any restriction is limited to what is necessary.
A placeholder notice remains in place and explains why the text was removed, and where possible the bibliographic record stays available.

Requests for removal will not be granted merely to conceal errors, criticism, or an unfavourable editorial finding.

9Appeals and Further Evidence

Authors or other affected parties may request reconsideration where there is material new evidence, a significant factual error, or a concern about the fairness of the assessment. Appeals go through the Contact page with a clear explanation and supporting documentation.

An editor or adviser who was not responsible for the disputed decision and has no relevant conflict of interest assesses the appeal.
An appeal does not automatically suspend a notice needed to inform readers.
If new evidence changes the assessment, an explanatory update is published and linked to the existing notices, so that changes to a notice are always transparent.